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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1786 | - 1786: The first ship leaves Britain for Botany Bay, Australia: 820 out of 1,138 aboard are convicts
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| 2 | 1787 | - May 1787: Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with 11 ships packed with 1,000 convicts amd their jailers to establish a penal colony in Australia.
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| 3 | 1788 | - 1788: Construction begins on the Brandenburger Tor in Berlijn.
- 26 Jan 1788: Australia Day: Eleven ships of the First Fleet from Botany Bay, led by Arthur Phillip, land in what will become Sydney, Australia. Great Britain establishes the prison colony of New South Wales, the first permanent European settlement on the continent.
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| 4 | 1789 | - 1789: The French Revolution (1789-1799) begins: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille and free seven prisoners. In rural areas, peasants attack noble manors.
- Jan 1789: Mutiny on the Bounty: Fletcher Christian leads the mutiny on HMS Bounty against Captain William Bligh
- Apr 1789: George Washington is inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first President of the United States
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| 5 | 1791 | - 1791: Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris
- 5 Dec 1791: Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies.
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| 6 | 1792 | - 16 Mar 1792: King Gustav III of Sweden is shot in the back by Jacob Johan Anckarström at a midnight masquerade at the Royal Opera in Stockholm; he lives until March 29, and is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf
- 20 Apr 1792: France declares war against Austria
- 21 Sep 1792: The French Convention abolishes the monarchy and establishes the First Republic.
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| 7 | 1793 | - 1793: Claude Chappe presents his semaphore in France; 15 stations are built within a year.
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| 8 | 1794 | - 1794: The battle of Fleurus: The French army recaptures the Austrian Netherlands. This marks the beginning of a French period in Belgium.
- 1794: France occupies Aachen.
- 5 Oct 1794: Hendrikus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland. In 1835 he married Johanna Maria Hollinck.
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| 9 | 1795 | - Jan 1795: The French ocupy Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Jan 1795: The Dutch fleet, frozen in IJsselmeer, is captured by the French 8th Hussards at Den Helder.
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| 10 | 1796 | - 1796: Annual British iron production reaches 125,000 tons
- Jan 1796: The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic (the next Dutch general elections are held in 1888).
- May 1796: Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination
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| 11 | 1797 | - Jan 1797: London haberdasher John Hetherington wears a silk top hat in public and attracts a large crowd of onlookers. He is later fined £500 for causing a public nuisance
- 30 Jan 1797: Joanna Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland. In 1834 she married Joannis Kamerinck (Kamerling).
- Mar 1797: John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
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| 12 | 1798 | - 1798: Alessandro Volta discovers electricity
- Jan 1798: A coup d'état is staged in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic). Unitarian Democrat Pieter Vreede makes an end to the power of the parliament (with a conservative-moderate majority).
- May 1798: Irish nationalists known as the Society of United Irishmen launch a bloody failed rebellion against British occupation with some support from France. The United Irishmen are unique amongst Irish nationalist movements in that they manage to unify Catholics and Protestants around republican ideals (the rebellion is quashed in October).
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| 13 | 1799 | - 1799: Dutch government takes over Dutch East India Company
- 17 Sep 1799: Gerhard Heinrich Diek is born in Deutschland.
- 17 Sep 1799: Gerhard Heinrich Diek is born.
- 16 Oct 1799: Hermannus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
- Dec 1799: George Washington, the first President of the United States, dies in Mount Vernon, Virginia.
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| 14 | 1800 | - 1800: World population was nearing 1 billion people, at 978 million. The 1 billion milestone will not be accomplished until 2 years later, in 1802. The population distribution by region:
Africa: 107,000,000
Asia: 635,000,000
China:300-400,000,000
Europe: 203,000,000
Latin-America: 24,000,000
Northern America: 7,000,000
- 1800: Electrolysis of water is discovered by Anthony Carlisle and William Nicholson by passing a voltaic current through water, generating hydrogen and oxygen.
- Mar 1800: Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in a letter to the Royal Society
- Dec 1800: An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris
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| 15 | 1801 | - Jan 1801: The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
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| 16 | 1802 | - 1802: Marie Tussaud opens her famous wax museum in London, having been commissioned during the Reign of Terror to make death masks of the victims
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| 17 | 1803 | - 1803: Major breakthroughs in chemistry occur, with the identification of the elements Rhodium, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, and Cerium
- Feb 1803: The invention of the telegraph by Claude Chappe, one of Napolean's officers.
- Jul 1803: The wagonway between Wandsworth and Croydon is opened, being the first public railway line of the world
- 16 Oct 1803: Wilhelmina Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 18 | 1804 | - 1804: Morphine is first isolated from opium by the German pharmacist, Friedrich Sertürner
- 1804: Matthew Flinders recommends that New Holland be renamed Australia (from the Latin "australis" meaning "of the south").
- Feb 1804: The Cornishman Richard Trevithick's newly-built Penydarren steam locomotive operates on the Merthyr Tramroad between Penydarren in Merthyr Tydfil and Abercynon in South Wales, following several trials since February 13, the world's first locomotive to work on rails
- May 1804: Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed Emperor of the French by the French Senate.
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| 19 | 1805 | - 1805: James Squire becomes the first person in Australia to cultivate Hops.
- 2 Apr 1805: Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (d. 1875) is born.
- Jun 1805: The first Trooping the Colour ceremony is held at the Horse Guards Parade in London
- Oct 1805: Battle of Trafalgar: British naval fleet led by Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain; however, Admiral Nelson is fatally shot.
- 7 Nov 1805: Hermina Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 20 | 1808 | - Jan 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States is banned; this is also the earliest day under the United States Constitution that an amendment can be made restricting slavery.
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| 21 | 1811 | - 1811: British Regency: George, Prince of Wales becomes Prince Regent because of the perceived insanity of his father, King George III of the United Kingdom.
- 8 Jan 1811: Joannes Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel Nederland.
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| 22 | 1814 | - 1814: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 is signed
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| 23 | 1815 | - 1815: Willem I becomes King of the Netherlands.
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| 24 | 1816 | - 1816: Known as the "Year Without A Summer" in the northern hemisphere due to global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption that had occurred in 1815.
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| 25 | 1819 | - 1819: Walter Scott writes his historical novel Ivanhoe.
- Mar 1819: The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England on June 20.
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| 26 | 1821 | - May 1821: Emperor Napoléon I dies in exile on Saint Helena of arsenic poisoning.
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| 27 | 1822 | - 1822: The last public whipping is carried out in Edinburgh
- 1822: Britain repeals the death penalty for over 100 crimes
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| 28 | 1823 | - 1823: Joseph Smith, Jr. says that he was directed by God through the angel Moroni to the place where the Golden plates are stored.
He was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism.
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| 29 | 1824 | - 1824: The name Australia, recommended by Matthew Flinders in 1804, is finally adopted as the official name of the country once known as New Holland.
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| 30 | 1825 | - 1825: The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London.
- 1825: The City of Brisbane is founded.
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| 31 | 1826 | - 1826: University College London is founded, under the name University of London.
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| 32 | 1827 | - 1827: Englishman John Walker invents the first friction match which he names Lucifer
- 2 Mar 1827: Jan Nijhuis(Niehuis) passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 33 | 1828 | - 8 May 1828: Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1910)
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| 34 | 1829 | - 1829: The Swan River Colony (later to become the cities of Perth and Fremantle) is founded in Western Australia. This secures the western 'third' of the Australian landmass for the British.
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| 35 | 1830 | - 1830: The independence of Belgium is recognized by the Great Powers
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| 36 | 1831 | - 1831: Charles Darwin embarks on his historic journey aboard the HMS Beagle.
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| 37 | 1832 | - 1832: The Treaty of London creates an independent Kingdom of Greece. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria is chosen King. Thus begins the History of modern Greece.
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| 38 | 1833 | - 1833: The British Parliament passes the Slavery Abolition Act, giving all slaves in the British Empire their freedom (enacted 1834).
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| 39 | 1834 | - 1834: The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there.
- 1834: The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.
- 20 Feb 1834: Hermina Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 40 | 1835 | - 1835: Staedtler Company was founded by J.S. Staedtler in Nuremburg, Germany.
- Jun 1835: The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner
- 2 Jul 1835: Johannes Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 41 | 1836 | - Feb 1836: The Alamo is surrounded by Santa Anna's army, in a 13-day ordeal.
- Feb 1836: Samuel Colt receives an American patent for the Colt revolver, the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
- Mar 1836: The Battle of the Alamo ends; 189 Texans are slaughtered by about 1,600 Mexicans
- Oct 1836: Charles Darwin returns to Britain aboard the HMS Beagle with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution
- 14 Oct 1836: Frederikus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 42 | 1837 | - 1837: Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype
Daguerreotype is a direct photographic process without the capacity for duplication.
- 12 Jan 1837: Anna Elizabeth Dik is born in Altenberge, Kreis Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deustschland.
- May 1837: Samuel Morse patents the telegraph
- Jun 1837: Queen Victoria accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom
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| 43 | 1838 | - 1838: Women in Pitcairn are the first in the world to obtain and maintain the right to vote.[
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| 44 | 1839 | - 1839: The world's first commercial electric telegraph line comes into operation alongside the Great Western Railway line, from Paddington Station to West Drayton
- 1839: The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom
- 18 Dec 1839: Mannes Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 45 | 1840 | - 1840: One of the predecessor papers of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, The Port Phillip Herald, is founded.
- 1840: British colonists reach New Zealand, officially founding Wellington
- 1840: The Penny Black, the world's first postage stamp, becomes valid for the pre-payment of postage.
- 1840: Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
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| 46 | 1841 | - Jan 1841: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland occupies Hong Kong. Later during the year, the first census of the island records a population of about 75,000.
- Oct 1841: A fire at the Tower of London destroys its Grand Armoury and causes a quarter of a million pounds worth of damage
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| 47 | 1842 | - 1842: In South Africa, hunter Dick King rides into a British military base in Grahamstown to warn that the Boers have besieged Durban (he had left 11 days earlier). The British army dispatches a relief force.
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| 48 | 1843 | - 1843: The world's first commercial Christmas cards are printed by Sir Henry Cole in London.
- May 1843: The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
- Dec 1843: Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is first published.
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| 49 | 1844 | - 1844: Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber
- 1844: George Williams founds the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in London
- 27 Nov 1844: Joanna Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 50 | 1845 | - 1845: The Great Irish Famine begins, as the potato crop fails.
- Mar 1845: The rubber band is invented in England.
- 1 Apr 1845: Johan Wilhelm Dik is born in Altenberge, Kreis Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deustschland.
- 8 May 1845: Johanna Christina Veltrop is born in Slagharen, Hardenberg,Overijssel, Nederland.
- Jul 1845: Charles Sturt enters the Simpson Desert in central Australia.
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| 51 | 1846 | - 1846: The Royal Geographical Society awards Paweł Edmund Strzelecki a Gold Medal "for exploration in the south eastern portion of Australia".[
- 1846: The Saxophone is patented by Adolphe Sax.
- 1846: Rotary printing press invented, making rapid printing of newspapers possible.
- 30 May 1846: Gezina Schopman is born in Hengelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 52 | 1847 | - 1847: Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S government.
- 1847: Charlotte Brontë publishes Jane Eyre under the pen name of Currer Bell.
- 1847: Emily Brontë publishes Wuthering Heights under the pen name of Ellis Bell.
- 1847: German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
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| 53 | 1848 | - 1848: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
- 1848: Great Britain's first public health law, which creates a national health board and gives cities broad authority to build modern sanitary systems, is passed.
- 1848: One of the successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
- 9 Jul 1848: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 54 | 1849 | - 1849: Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
- 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York, thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
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| 55 | 1850 | - 1850: American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
- 1850: The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
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| 56 | 1851 | - 1851: Edward Hargraves claims to have found gold in Australia.
- 1851: The Reuters news service is founded.
- 6 Feb 1851: Bush Fires in Australia.
"Black Thursday" as bushfires rage from Mount Gambier to Melbourne. Fires covered a quarter of what is now the state of Victoria, approximately 50,000 km². Areas affected include Portland, the Plenty Ranges to the north of Melbourne, Westernport, the Wimmera and Dandenong districts. Approximately 12 people died, one million sheep and thousands of cattle were lost.
- 2 Aug 1851: Gold is first discovered in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, leading to the Victorian gold rush.
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| 57 | 1852 | - 1852: Anti-Chinese riots occure in Victoria, Australia.
- Feb 1852: The HMS Birkenhead sinks near Cape Town, South Africa. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to flood the lifeboats containing women and children.
- 24 May 1852: Bieuwkje Jannes Lodenstein is born in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Nederland.
- 28 May 1852: Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland
- 8 Nov 1852: Durk Kornelis Postma is born in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Nederland
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| 58 | 1853 | - 1853: The first true International Meteorological Organization is established in Brussels, Belgium.
- 1853: The Bendigo Petition, 30 metres long with at least 23,000 signatures requesting reform of the license fee system that applied to miners on the gold fields, was sent to Governor La Trobe in Melbourne, Australia.
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| 59 | 1854 | - 1854: Ignacy Lukasiewicz drills the world's first oil well in Poland, in Bóbrka near Krosno.
- Mar 1854: Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, opens.
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| 60 | 1855 | - 1855: David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls in what is now present-day Zambia-Zimbabwe.
- Jun 1855: The Daily Telegraph begins publication.
- Sep 1855: Queen Victoria signs an Order-in-Council to change the name of Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania.
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1786 - 1855 (69 years)
