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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1836 | - Feb 1836: The Alamo is surrounded by Santa Anna's army, in a 13-day ordeal.
- Feb 1836: Samuel Colt receives an American patent for the Colt revolver, the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
- Mar 1836: The Battle of the Alamo ends; 189 Texans are slaughtered by about 1,600 Mexicans
- Oct 1836: Charles Darwin returns to Britain aboard the HMS Beagle with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution
- 14 Oct 1836: Frederikus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 2 | 1837 | - 1837: Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype
Daguerreotype is a direct photographic process without the capacity for duplication.
- 12 Jan 1837: Anna Elizabeth Dik is born in Altenberge, Kreis Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deustschland.
- May 1837: Samuel Morse patents the telegraph
- Jun 1837: Queen Victoria accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom
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| 3 | 1838 | - 1838: Women in Pitcairn are the first in the world to obtain and maintain the right to vote.[
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| 4 | 1839 | - 1839: The world's first commercial electric telegraph line comes into operation alongside the Great Western Railway line, from Paddington Station to West Drayton
- 1839: The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom
- 18 Dec 1839: Mannes Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 5 | 1840 | - 1840: One of the predecessor papers of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, The Port Phillip Herald, is founded.
- 1840: British colonists reach New Zealand, officially founding Wellington
- 1840: The Penny Black, the world's first postage stamp, becomes valid for the pre-payment of postage.
- 1840: Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
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| 6 | 1841 | - Jan 1841: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland occupies Hong Kong. Later during the year, the first census of the island records a population of about 75,000.
- Oct 1841: A fire at the Tower of London destroys its Grand Armoury and causes a quarter of a million pounds worth of damage
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| 7 | 1842 | - 1842: In South Africa, hunter Dick King rides into a British military base in Grahamstown to warn that the Boers have besieged Durban (he had left 11 days earlier). The British army dispatches a relief force.
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| 8 | 1843 | - 1843: The world's first commercial Christmas cards are printed by Sir Henry Cole in London.
- May 1843: The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
- Dec 1843: Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is first published.
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| 9 | 1844 | - 1844: Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber
- 1844: George Williams founds the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in London
- 27 Nov 1844: Joanna Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 10 | 1845 | - 1845: The Great Irish Famine begins, as the potato crop fails.
- Mar 1845: The rubber band is invented in England.
- 1 Apr 1845: Johan Wilhelm Dik is born in Altenberge, Kreis Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deustschland.
- 8 May 1845: Johanna Christina Veltrop is born in Slagharen, Hardenberg,Overijssel, Nederland.
- Jul 1845: Charles Sturt enters the Simpson Desert in central Australia.
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| 11 | 1846 | - 1846: The Royal Geographical Society awards Paweł Edmund Strzelecki a Gold Medal "for exploration in the south eastern portion of Australia".[
- 1846: The Saxophone is patented by Adolphe Sax.
- 1846: Rotary printing press invented, making rapid printing of newspapers possible.
- 30 May 1846: Gezina Schopman is born in Hengelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 12 | 1847 | - 1847: Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S government.
- 1847: Charlotte Brontë publishes Jane Eyre under the pen name of Currer Bell.
- 1847: Emily Brontë publishes Wuthering Heights under the pen name of Ellis Bell.
- 1847: German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
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| 13 | 1848 | - 1848: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
- 1848: Great Britain's first public health law, which creates a national health board and gives cities broad authority to build modern sanitary systems, is passed.
- 1848: One of the successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
- 9 Jul 1848: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 14 | 1849 | - 1849: Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
- 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York, thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
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| 15 | 1850 | - 1850: American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
- 1850: The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
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| 16 | 1851 | - 1851: Edward Hargraves claims to have found gold in Australia.
- 1851: The Reuters news service is founded.
- 6 Feb 1851: Bush Fires in Australia.
"Black Thursday" as bushfires rage from Mount Gambier to Melbourne. Fires covered a quarter of what is now the state of Victoria, approximately 50,000 km². Areas affected include Portland, the Plenty Ranges to the north of Melbourne, Westernport, the Wimmera and Dandenong districts. Approximately 12 people died, one million sheep and thousands of cattle were lost.
- 2 Aug 1851: Gold is first discovered in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, leading to the Victorian gold rush.
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| 17 | 1852 | - 1852: Anti-Chinese riots occure in Victoria, Australia.
- Feb 1852: The HMS Birkenhead sinks near Cape Town, South Africa. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to flood the lifeboats containing women and children.
- 24 May 1852: Bieuwkje Jannes Lodenstein is born in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Nederland.
- 28 May 1852: Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland
- 8 Nov 1852: Durk Kornelis Postma is born in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Nederland
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| 18 | 1853 | - 1853: The first true International Meteorological Organization is established in Brussels, Belgium.
- 1853: The Bendigo Petition, 30 metres long with at least 23,000 signatures requesting reform of the license fee system that applied to miners on the gold fields, was sent to Governor La Trobe in Melbourne, Australia.
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| 19 | 1854 | - 1854: Ignacy Lukasiewicz drills the world's first oil well in Poland, in Bóbrka near Krosno.
- Mar 1854: Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, opens.
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| 20 | 1855 | - 1855: David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls in what is now present-day Zambia-Zimbabwe.
- Jun 1855: The Daily Telegraph begins publication.
- Sep 1855: Queen Victoria signs an Order-in-Council to change the name of Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania.
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| 21 | 1856 | - 1856: Pre-human remains are found in the Neanderthal valley in Germany.
- Jan 1856: Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross.
- Apr 1856: At a public meeting in Melbourne, Dr Thomas Embling repeated the slogan "eight hours labour, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest".
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| 22 | 1857 | - 1857: In Victoria, Australia one adult male in 7 is Chinese.
- Mar 1857: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that Blacks are not citizens and slaves can not sue for freedom, driving the country further towards the American Civil War (the ruling is not overturned until the 14th Amendment in 1868).
- Dec 1857: Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, Ontario as the capital of Canada.
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| 23 | 1858 | - 11 Feb 1858: The Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to St Bernadette of Lourdes.
- Aug 1858: The first claimed Australian rules football match is held between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College.
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| 24 | 1859 | - Apr 1859: Ground is broken for the Suez Canal.
- Jun 1859: The colony of Queensland is established by decree of Queen Victoria.
- Sep 1859: The clock Big Ben becomes operational in London.
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| 25 | 1860 | - 1860: The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is annexed to the newly Kingdom of Italy.
- 6 Nov 1860: U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell and is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
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| 26 | 1861 | - Feb 1861: The Confederate States of America are formed.
- Nov 1861: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America
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| 27 | 1862 | - 1862: Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll) extemporises the story that becomes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland for 10-year-old Alice Liddell and her sisters, on a rowing boat trip on The Isis, from Oxford to Godstow.
- 1862: Anna Leonowens accepts an offer made by the Siamese consul in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching, to teach the wives and children of Mongkut, king of Siam.
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| 28 | 1863 | - 1863: The first section of the London Underground Railway (Paddington to Farringdon Street) opens
- 1863: Adam Opel founds Opel AG.
- 1863: Sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agree to form the International Red Cross.
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| 29 | 1864 | - 1864: The first fish and chips shop opens in London
- 1864: First Geneva Convention: The International Red Cross is founded
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| 30 | 1865 | - 1865: The Christian Mission, later renamed the Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.
- 4 Mar 1865: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated for a second term; Andrew Johnson becomes Vice President
- 14 Apr 1865: U. S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. by John Wilkes Booth.
- 4 Jun 1865: Harm Hendrik Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 31 | 1866 | - 1866: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in Germany
- 1866: The Canadian Parliament meets for the first time in Ottawa.
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| 32 | 1867 | - 1867: The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.
- 1867: The Dominion of Canada is created by the British North America Act
- 1867: Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle
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| 33 | 1868 | - 1868: Thomas Edison applies for his first patent, the electric vote recorder.
- 1868: U.S. presidential election, 1868: Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horatio Seymour in the election
- 1868: Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate
- 1868: In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony
- 1868: In Dumbarton, Scotland the last surviving clipper ship, Cutty Sark, is launched
- 11 Jan 1868: Hendrikus Nijhuis passes away in Zenderen, Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 34 | 1869 | - 1869: The British Parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment for criminals.
- 4 Mar 1869: Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as the 18th President of the United States of America.
- 13 Apr 1869: Hermannus Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
- May 1869: The British Parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill, thus ending public hanging.
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| 35 | 1870 | - 5 Mar 1870: First ever international Association Football match between England and Scotland at the Oval, London. Organised by the Football Association.
- May 1870: The Port Adelaide Football Club plays their first match of Australian rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville, South Australia.
- Oct 1870: Rome becomes the capital of unified Italy.
- 28 Nov 1870: Anna Gezina Dik is born in Rundeveen, Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 36 | 1871 | - 1871: The Constitution of the German Empire abolishes all restrictions on Jewish marriage, choice of occupation, place of residence and property ownership. Exclusion from government employment and discrimination in social relations remain.
- 18 Jan 1871: The member-states of the North German Federation and the south German states unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany.
- Mar 1871: The Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.
- Nov 1871: Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, and greets him by saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
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| 37 | 1872 | - 1872: Louis Ducos du Hauron creates the first color photograph
- 27 Jan 1872: Hermina Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- Aug 1872: The Overland Telegraph is completed in Australia, providing a telegraphic link between Australia and the rest of the world for the first time.
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| 38 | 1873 | - 15 Feb 1873: Maria Dik is born in Vlagtwedde, Vlagtwedde, Groningen, Nederland.
- Mar 1873: E. Remington and Sons of Ilion, New York start production of the first practical typewriter.
- May 1873: Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis received United States patent #139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. began manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire.
- Dec 1873: The Heineken Brewery is founded in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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| 39 | 1874 | - Feb 1874: Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike" which is more commonly called lawn tennis
- Jul 1874: Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward patent the first incandescent lamp with an electric light bulb
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| 40 | 1875 | - 1875: Henry Cavendish Jones convinces the "All England Croquet Club" to replace a croquet court with a lawn tennis court: Wimbledon.
- Feb 1875: The SS Gothenburg sinks off the Australian east coast with the loss of approximately 102 lives, including a number of high profile civil servants and dignitaries.
- 1 Apr 1875: Maria Schoenmaker is born in Hengelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 6 Apr 1875: Berend Vrielink is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- Aug 1875: Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim the English Channel.
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| 41 | 1880 | - 11 Sep 1880: Hermina Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 42 | 1882 | - 28 Apr 1882: Gerhard Heinrich Diek passes away in Emmer-Compascuum, Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 43 | 1885 | - 11 May 1885: Anna Elizabeth Dik passes away in Rütenbrock, Haren(EMS), Emsland, Niedersachsen, Deustschland.
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| 44 | 1889 | - 18 Dec 1889: Johannes Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 45 | 1910 | - 1910: April: Theodore Roosevelt arrives in The Netherlands for a short visit. He lunches with Her Majesty Queen Wilhelmina.
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| 46 | 1917 | - 17 Jun 1917: Gezina Schopman passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 47 | 1918 | - 15 Mar 1918: Harm Hendrik Stegehuis passes away in Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 29 Aug 1918: Frederikus Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 48 | 1919 | - 4 Apr 1919: Johan Wilhelm Dik passes away in Emmer-Compascuum, Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 49 | 1928 | - 27 Aug 1928: Maria Schoenmaker passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 50 | 1931 | - 28 Mar 1931: Johanna Christina Veltrop passes away in Lindloh, Haren, Emsland, Niederesachsen, Deutschland.
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| 51 | 1935 | - 23 Nov 1935: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 23 Nov 1935: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 52 | 1943 | - 5 Jul 1943: De Slag om Koersk
De Slag om Koersk (Russisch: Курская битва; Koerskaja bitva) of Operatie Citadel (Duits: Unternehmen Zitadelle) was de grootste tankslag ooit in de geschiedenis en een beslissende slag aan het oostfront in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Deze slag kende tevens de dag met de grootste verliezen in de geschiedenis van de luchtoorlog.
De slag vond plaats in juli en augustus 1943 tussen nazi-Duitsland en de Sovjet-Unie bij de stad Koersk in Rusland. Bij de slag werden aan Duitse zijde 900.000 man infanterie, 2.700 tanks en 2.000 vliegtuigen ingezet en aan de Sovjetzijde 1.300.000 man infanterie, 3.600 tanks en 2.400 vliegtuigen.
Volgens de oorspronkelijke plannen zouden de Duitsers in mei aanvallen. Hitler stond er echter op dat de aanval uitgesteld werd tot zijn nieuwe wonderwapens gereed waren: De Panther- en de Elefant-tanks. Op 2 juli 1943 meldde Hitler dat het offensief op 5 juli van start zou gaan. De meeste Duitse generaals vonden dat de aanval al veel eerder had moeten plaatsvinden, want uit luchtverkenningen was gebleken wat hen inmiddels te wachten stond. De generaals vreesden ook dat er na verloop van tijd troepen nodig waren om een invasie in het Middellandse Zeegebied te bestrijden. De Russen hadden het vermoeden dat de aanval tussen 3 en 6 juli zou plaatsvinden. Toen ze op 4 juli zagen dat de Duitsers hun prikkeldraad en mijnen begonnen te verwijderen, gaf generaal Rokossovski het bevel om de Duitsers met vliegtuigen en artillerie te beschieten. De Duitsers begonnen ook terug te schieten.
- 5 Jul 1943: Battle of Kursk
Operation Citadel was the last great German push against Russia during WWII. It turned into the Battle of Kursk, the greatest tank battle in history. Due to stubborn Russian resistance and Hitler’s change of heart; it was a costly failure.
On July 5, 1943, the Germans finally launched their attack.
They had amassed huge resources for Operation Citadel. 65% of the aircraft and 70% of the tanks on the entire Eastern front were deployed for the offensive. 50 divisions, totaling 900,000 troops, accompanied 2,700 tanks and assault guns as they rumbled toward the Soviet lines. Massive Tiger tanks gave them the extra firepower to punch through the armor of Soviet vehicles. It was a massive, carefully planned operation.
As was the Soviet response. Between the efforts of the Lucy spy ring and their observations in the field, the Soviets identified when the attack was coming. As the Germans prepared, their opponents unleashed a tremendous artillery barrage, smashing German forces as they waited.
At 5 AM, the advance began. Wedges of Panzers charged into the fire of the waiting Soviets, with infantry following behind. The skies were filled with the roar of engines and weapons as opposing aircraft attempted to eliminate each other.
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1890 - 1943 (53 years)
