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Date |
Event(s) |
| 1 | 1753 | - 1753: The British Parliament extends citizenship to Jews.
- 1753: The Cramer family starts a brewing operation including the current major brand Warsteiner
- 1 Mar 1753: Sweden adopts the Gregorian calendar.
- 31 Oct 1753: Virginia Lieut. Gov. Robert Dinwiddie commissions 21-year-old militia Maj. George Washington to dissuade the French from occupying the Ohio Country. The Seven Years' War, the first global conflict, ensues
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| 2 | 1754 | - 1754: King Louis XVI of France (d. 1793) is born.
- 1754: William Bligh, English sailor (d. 1817), is born.
- 15 Jan 1754: Richard Martin is born. Irish founder of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (d. 1834)
- 19 Jun 1754: The Albany Congress of New England Colonies proposes an American Union
- 13 Dec 1754: Osman III (1754-1757) succeeds Mahmud I as Ottoman Emperor
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| 3 | 1755 | - 1755: Construction of the Puning Temple complex in Chengde, China is complete, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor
- 13 Feb 1755: The kingdom of Mataram on Java is divided in two, creating the sultanate of Yogyakarta and the sunanate of Surakarta
- 9 Jul 1755: French and Indian War - Braddock Expedition: British troops and colonial militiamen are ambushed and suffer a devastating defeat inflicted by French and Indian forces. During the battle, British General Edward Braddock is mortally wounded. Colonel George Washington survives.
- 1 Nov 1755: Lisbon earthquake: In Portugal, Lisbon is destroyed by a massive earthquake and tsunami, killing 60,000-90,000 people.
- 2 Nov 1755: Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (d. 1793)is born.
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| 4 | 1756 | - 1756: Frederick II of Prussia forces his country's peasants to grow the unpopular and obscure potato
- 27 Jan 1756: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (d. 1791) is born.
- 15 May 1756: The Seven Years' War formally begins when Great Britain declares war on France
- 7 Sep 1756: Willem Bilderdijk, Dutch author (d. 1831) is born.
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| 5 | 1757 | - 5 Jan 1757: Robert-François Damiens makes an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Louis XV of France.
- 6 May 1757: Seven Years' War - Battle of Prague: Frederick the Great defeats an Austrian army and begins to besiege the city.
- 18 Jun 1757: Seven Years' War - Battle of Kolin: Frederick is defeated by an Austrian army under Marshal Daun, forcing him to evacuate Bohemia.
- 22 Jun 1757: George Vancouver, British explorer (d. 1798) is born.
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| 6 | 1758 | - 23 Jun 1758: Seven Years' War - Battle of Krefeld: Anglo-Hanoverian forces under Ferdinand of Brunswick defeat the French.
- 25 Dec 1758: Halley's Comet appears for the first time after Halley's discovery of it.
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| 7 | 1759 | - 1759: George Washington marries Martha Dandridge Custis
- 1759: The Famous Guinness Brewery is founded in St. James's Gate, Dublin Ireland.
- 7 Nov 1759: Jan Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland
- 7 Nov 1759: Jan Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland
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| 8 | 1760 | - 22 Aug 1760: Pope Leo XII (d. 1829) is born.
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| 9 | 1761 | - 1761: George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte are crowned.
- 1 Sep 1761: Five year old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart gives his first public appearance at the Salzburg university.
- 20 Nov 1761: Pope Pius VIII (d. 1850) is born.
- 1 Dec 1761: Marie Tussaud, French wax modeller (d. 1850) is born.
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| 10 | 1762 | - 5 Feb 1762: The Great Holocaust (1762) of the Sikhs is carried out by the forces of Ahmed Shah Abdali in Punjab. In all, over 500,000 men, women and children perish in this campaign of slaughter.
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| 11 | 1763 | - 10 Feb 1763: French and Indian War: The 1763 Treaty of Paris ends the war and France cedes Canada to Great Britain.
- 15 Feb 1763: The Treaty of Hubertusburg puts an end to the Seven Years' War between Prussia and Austria and their allies.
- 23 Feb 1763: The Berbice Slave Uprising starts in the former Dutch colony of Berbice (British Ghana).
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| 12 | 1764 | - 1764: Jozef II wordt in Frankfurt tot Rooms-Duits koning gekozen.
- 19 Jan 1764: John Wilkes is expelled from the United Kingdom House of Commons for seditious libel
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| 13 | 1765 | - 1765: The first true restaurant opens in Paris, where a tavern-keeper named Boulanger sells cooked dishes at an all-night place on the Rue Bailleul.
- 1765: James Watt supersedes the 1705 Newcomen engine with the more effective Watt steam engine.
- 18 Sep 1765: Pope Gregory XVI (d. 1837) is born.
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| 14 | 1766 | - 1766: American Revolution: The British Parliament repeals the Stamp Act which is very unpopular in the British colonies. The persuasion of Benjamin Franklin is considered partly responsible. The Declaratory Act asserts the right of Britain to bind the colonies in all other respects
- 30 May 1766: Robert Darwin, medical doctor and father of Charles Darwin (d. 1848) is born.
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| 15 | 1767 | - 1767: Mozart completes his first true opera, Apollo et Hyacinthus.
- 1767: Kunta Kinte, ancestor of author Alex Haley (Roots), arrives in Annapolis, Maryland on board a slave ship.
- 1767: Jan Nijhuis(Niehuis) is born in Weerselo, Dinkelland, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 1 Jan 1767: The Nautical Almanac for the first time gives mariners the means to find their longitude while at sea, using tables of lunar distances.
- 15 Mar 1767: Andrew Jackson, 7th President of the United States (d. 1845) is born.
- 18 Jun 1767: Samuel Wallis, an English sea captain, sights Tahiti and is considered the first European to reach the island.
- 23 Aug 1767: Mannes Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 16 | 1768 | - 1768: The first of the weekly numbers of the Encyclopædia Britannica are published; 100 are planned.
- 7 Jan 1768: Joseph Bonaparte, King of Naples and Spain (d. 1844) is born.
- 9 Jan 1768: Philip Astley stages the first modern circus, with acrobats on galloping horses (London).
- 8 Aug 1768: James Cook departs Plymouth on his first voyage of discovery.
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| 17 | 1769 | - 1769: Charles III of Spain sends Spanish missionaries, who found California missions in San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Francisco and Monterey and begin the settlement of California.
- 1769: James Watt demonstrates the first practical steam engine, an invention which inaugurates the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain
- 1769: Famine in Bengal kills 10 million people, a third of the population, in the worst natural disaster in human history (in terms of lives lost).
- 19 May 1769: Pope Clement XIV succeeds Pope Clement XIII as the 249th pope.
- 15 Aug 1769: Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French (d. 1821) is born.
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| 18 | 1770 | - 5 Mar 1770: Boston Massacre: Five Americans are shot by British troops in an event that helps start the American Revolutionary War 5 years later.
- Apr 1770: James Cook drops anchor in a wide bay about 10 miles south of the present city of Sydney, Australia. Because the young botanist on board the ship, Joseph Banks discovers 30,000 specimens of plant life in the bay, 1,600 of them unknown to European science, James Cook calls the place Botany Bay.
- 16 May 1770: Marie Antoinette (14 years old) marries Louis-Auguste (who later becomes Louis XVI King of France).
- 15 Dec 1770: Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer (d. 1827) is born.
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| 19 | 1771 | - 14 May 1771: Thomas Wedgwood, son of potter Josiah Wedgwood (d. 1805) is born.
- 3 Aug 1771: King Frederick William III of Prussia (d. 1840) is born.
- 8 Aug 1771: The first recorded town cricket match is played at Horsham; the Horsham Cricket Club is later formed.
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| 20 | 1772 | - 24 Jul 1772: Willem I, king of the Netherlands is born.
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| 21 | 1773 | - 10 Oct 1773: Daniel Boone leads the first attempt by British colonists to establish a settlement in Kentucky, but is turned back in an attack by American Indians in which his son is killed.
- 16 Dec 1773: Boston Tea Party: A group of Americans, dressed as Mohawk Indians, steal aboard ships of the British East India Company and dump their cargo of tea into Boston Harbor.
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| 22 | 1774 | - 16 Mar 1774: Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer (d. 1814) is born.
- 3 Sep 1774: Willem François Boreel, Dutch soldier, is born
- 21 Sep 1774: George Mason and George Washington found the Fairfax County Militia Association, a military unit independent of British control.
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| 23 | 1775 | - 22 Jan 1775: André-Marie Ampère, French physicist (d. 1836) is born.
- 19 Feb 1775: American Revolution: The Parliament of Great Britain declares Massachusetts in rebellion.
- 14 Jun 1775: The Continental Congress names George Washington as commander of the Continental Army.
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| 24 | 1776 | - 4 Jul 1776: The Continental Congress approves the final wording of the United States Declaration of Independence and arranges for it to be published.
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| 25 | 1777 | - 1777: The 2nd edition of Encyclopædia Britannica is published.
- 14 Jun 1777: The Stars and Stripes is adopted by the Continental Congress as the Flag of the United States.
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| 26 | 1778 | - 26 Nov 1778: In the Hawaiian Islands, Capt. James Cook becomes the first European to land on Maui.
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| 27 | 1779 | - 1779: The Iron Bridge is completed across the River Severn in Shropshire (the first all cast-iron bridge ever constructed).
- 14 Feb 1779: Captain James Cook dies on the Sandwich Islands on his third and last voyage.
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| 28 | 1781 | - 1781: Carl Wilhelm Scheele discovers tungsten
- 13 Mar 1781: Sir William Herschel discovers the planet Uranus. Originally he calls it Georgium Sidus (George's Star) in honour of King George III of England.
- 9 Jun 1781: George Stephenson, English inventor of the Steam locomotieve is born..
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| 29 | 1783 | - Jun 1783: The Montgolfier brothers publicly demonstrate their montgolfière (hot air balloon) in Annonay, France.
- 8 Jun 1783: The volcano Laki, in Iceland, begins an 8-month eruption which kills 9,350 people and starts a 7-year famine. The eruption causes deaths of livestock when they eat contaminated grass and also widespread crop failure.
June: French balloon montgolfière.Effects of the Laki volcano were felt all over Europe. New evidence has been unearthed to conclude that this was one of "the greatest environmental catastrophies in European History".
- 3 Sep 1783: American Revolutionary War - Treaty of Paris: A treaty between the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain is signed in Paris, ending the war.
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| 30 | 1784 | - 1784: John Wesley charters the Methodist Church.
- 1784: The Turks agree to Russia's annexation of the Crimea in the Treaty of Constantinople
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| 31 | 1785 | - 1785: Coal gas is first used for illumination
- 1785: The first issue of the Daily Universal Register, later known as The Times, is published in London.
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| 32 | 1786 | - 1786: The first ship leaves Britain for Botany Bay, Australia: 820 out of 1,138 aboard are convicts
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| 33 | 1787 | - May 1787: Captain Arthur Phillip leaves Portsmouth, England with 11 ships packed with 1,000 convicts amd their jailers to establish a penal colony in Australia.
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| 34 | 1788 | - 1788: Construction begins on the Brandenburger Tor in Berlijn.
- 26 Jan 1788: Australia Day: Eleven ships of the First Fleet from Botany Bay, led by Arthur Phillip, land in what will become Sydney, Australia. Great Britain establishes the prison colony of New South Wales, the first permanent European settlement on the continent.
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| 35 | 1789 | - 1789: The French Revolution (1789-1799) begins: Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille and free seven prisoners. In rural areas, peasants attack noble manors.
- Jan 1789: Mutiny on the Bounty: Fletcher Christian leads the mutiny on HMS Bounty against Captain William Bligh
- Apr 1789: George Washington is inaugurated at Federal Hall in New York City, beginning his term as the first President of the United States
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| 36 | 1791 | - 1791: Long-distance communication speeds up with the unveiling of a semaphore machine in Paris
- 5 Dec 1791: Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies.
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| 37 | 1792 | - 16 Mar 1792: King Gustav III of Sweden is shot in the back by Jacob Johan Anckarström at a midnight masquerade at the Royal Opera in Stockholm; he lives until March 29, and is succeeded by Gustav IV Adolf
- 20 Apr 1792: France declares war against Austria
- 21 Sep 1792: The French Convention abolishes the monarchy and establishes the First Republic.
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| 38 | 1793 | - 1793: Claude Chappe presents his semaphore in France; 15 stations are built within a year.
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| 39 | 1794 | - 1794: The battle of Fleurus: The French army recaptures the Austrian Netherlands. This marks the beginning of a French period in Belgium.
- 1794: France occupies Aachen.
- 5 Oct 1794: Hendrikus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland. In 1835 he married Johanna Maria Hollinck.
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| 40 | 1795 | - Jan 1795: The French ocupy Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Jan 1795: The Dutch fleet, frozen in IJsselmeer, is captured by the French 8th Hussards at Den Helder.
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| 41 | 1796 | - 1796: Annual British iron production reaches 125,000 tons
- Jan 1796: The first Dutch (and general) elections are held for the National Assembly of the Batavian Republic (the next Dutch general elections are held in 1888).
- May 1796: Edward Jenner administers the first smallpox vaccination
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| 42 | 1797 | - Jan 1797: London haberdasher John Hetherington wears a silk top hat in public and attracts a large crowd of onlookers. He is later fined £500 for causing a public nuisance
- 30 Jan 1797: Joanna Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland. In 1834 she married Joannis Kamerinck (Kamerling).
- Mar 1797: John Adams succeeds George Washington as the President of the United States of America.
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| 43 | 1798 | - 1798: Alessandro Volta discovers electricity
- Jan 1798: A coup d'état is staged in the Netherlands (Batavian Republic). Unitarian Democrat Pieter Vreede makes an end to the power of the parliament (with a conservative-moderate majority).
- May 1798: Irish nationalists known as the Society of United Irishmen launch a bloody failed rebellion against British occupation with some support from France. The United Irishmen are unique amongst Irish nationalist movements in that they manage to unify Catholics and Protestants around republican ideals (the rebellion is quashed in October).
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| 44 | 1799 | - 1799: Dutch government takes over Dutch East India Company
- 17 Sep 1799: Gerhard Heinrich Diek is born in Deutschland.
- 17 Sep 1799: Gerhard Heinrich Diek is born.
- 16 Oct 1799: Hermannus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
- Dec 1799: George Washington, the first President of the United States, dies in Mount Vernon, Virginia.
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| 45 | 1800 | - 1800: World population was nearing 1 billion people, at 978 million. The 1 billion milestone will not be accomplished until 2 years later, in 1802. The population distribution by region:
Africa: 107,000,000
Asia: 635,000,000
China:300-400,000,000
Europe: 203,000,000
Latin-America: 24,000,000
Northern America: 7,000,000
- 1800: Electrolysis of water is discovered by Anthony Carlisle and William Nicholson by passing a voltaic current through water, generating hydrogen and oxygen.
- Mar 1800: Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in a letter to the Royal Society
- Dec 1800: An assault on Napoleon Bonaparte fails in Paris
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| 46 | 1801 | - Jan 1801: The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland is completed under the Act of Union 1800, bringing about the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
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| 47 | 1802 | - 1802: Marie Tussaud opens her famous wax museum in London, having been commissioned during the Reign of Terror to make death masks of the victims
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| 48 | 1803 | - 1803: Major breakthroughs in chemistry occur, with the identification of the elements Rhodium, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, and Cerium
- Feb 1803: The invention of the telegraph by Claude Chappe, one of Napolean's officers.
- Jul 1803: The wagonway between Wandsworth and Croydon is opened, being the first public railway line of the world
- 16 Oct 1803: Wilhelmina Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 49 | 1804 | - 1804: Morphine is first isolated from opium by the German pharmacist, Friedrich Sertürner
- 1804: Matthew Flinders recommends that New Holland be renamed Australia (from the Latin "australis" meaning "of the south").
- Feb 1804: The Cornishman Richard Trevithick's newly-built Penydarren steam locomotive operates on the Merthyr Tramroad between Penydarren in Merthyr Tydfil and Abercynon in South Wales, following several trials since February 13, the world's first locomotive to work on rails
- May 1804: Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed Emperor of the French by the French Senate.
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| 50 | 1805 | - 1805: James Squire becomes the first person in Australia to cultivate Hops.
- 2 Apr 1805: Hans Christian Andersen, Danish writer (d. 1875) is born.
- Jun 1805: The first Trooping the Colour ceremony is held at the Horse Guards Parade in London
- Oct 1805: Battle of Trafalgar: British naval fleet led by Admiral Horatio Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet off the coast of Spain; however, Admiral Nelson is fatally shot.
- 7 Nov 1805: Hermina Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 51 | 1808 | - Jan 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States is banned; this is also the earliest day under the United States Constitution that an amendment can be made restricting slavery.
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| 52 | 1811 | - 1811: British Regency: George, Prince of Wales becomes Prince Regent because of the perceived insanity of his father, King George III of the United Kingdom.
- 8 Jan 1811: Joannes Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel Nederland.
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| 53 | 1814 | - 1814: The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814 is signed
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| 54 | 1815 | - 1815: Willem I becomes King of the Netherlands.
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| 55 | 1816 | - 1816: Known as the "Year Without A Summer" in the northern hemisphere due to global cooling caused by the Mount Tambora volcanic eruption that had occurred in 1815.
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| 56 | 1819 | - 1819: Walter Scott writes his historical novel Ivanhoe.
- Mar 1819: The SS Savannah leaves port at Savannah, Georgia on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England on June 20.
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| 57 | 1821 | - May 1821: Emperor Napoléon I dies in exile on Saint Helena of arsenic poisoning.
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| 58 | 1822 | - 1822: The last public whipping is carried out in Edinburgh
- 1822: Britain repeals the death penalty for over 100 crimes
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| 59 | 1823 | - 1823: Joseph Smith, Jr. says that he was directed by God through the angel Moroni to the place where the Golden plates are stored.
He was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism.
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| 60 | 1824 | - 1824: The name Australia, recommended by Matthew Flinders in 1804, is finally adopted as the official name of the country once known as New Holland.
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| 61 | 1825 | - 1825: The first horse-drawn omnibuses established in London.
- 1825: The City of Brisbane is founded.
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| 62 | 1826 | - 1826: University College London is founded, under the name University of London.
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| 63 | 1827 | - 1827: Englishman John Walker invents the first friction match which he names Lucifer
- 2 Mar 1827: Jan Nijhuis(Niehuis) passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 64 | 1828 | - 8 May 1828: Jean Henri Dunant, Swiss founder of the Red Cross, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1910)
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| 65 | 1829 | - 1829: The Swan River Colony (later to become the cities of Perth and Fremantle) is founded in Western Australia. This secures the western 'third' of the Australian landmass for the British.
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| 66 | 1830 | - 1830: The independence of Belgium is recognized by the Great Powers
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| 67 | 1831 | - 1831: Charles Darwin embarks on his historic journey aboard the HMS Beagle.
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| 68 | 1832 | - 1832: The Treaty of London creates an independent Kingdom of Greece. Otto of Wittelsbach, Prince of Bavaria is chosen King. Thus begins the History of modern Greece.
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| 69 | 1833 | - 1833: The British Parliament passes the Slavery Abolition Act, giving all slaves in the British Empire their freedom (enacted 1834).
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| 70 | 1834 | - 1834: The South Australia Act allows for the creation of a colony there.
- 1834: The Sixth Xhosa War is characterized by severe clashes between white settlers and Bantu peoples in Cape Colony; Dutch speaking settlers colonize the area north of Orange River.
- 20 Feb 1834: Hermina Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 71 | 1835 | - 1835: Staedtler Company was founded by J.S. Staedtler in Nuremburg, Germany.
- Jun 1835: The Australian city of Melbourne is founded by John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner
- 2 Jul 1835: Johannes Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 72 | 1836 | - Feb 1836: The Alamo is surrounded by Santa Anna's army, in a 13-day ordeal.
- Feb 1836: Samuel Colt receives an American patent for the Colt revolver, the first revolving barrel multishot firearm.
- Mar 1836: The Battle of the Alamo ends; 189 Texans are slaughtered by about 1,600 Mexicans
- Oct 1836: Charles Darwin returns to Britain aboard the HMS Beagle with biological data he will later use to develop his theory of evolution
- 14 Oct 1836: Frederikus Nijhuis is born in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 73 | 1837 | - 1837: Louis Daguerre develops the daguerreotype
Daguerreotype is a direct photographic process without the capacity for duplication.
- 12 Jan 1837: Anna Elizabeth Dik is born in Altenberge, Kreis Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deustschland.
- May 1837: Samuel Morse patents the telegraph
- Jun 1837: Queen Victoria accedes to the throne of the United Kingdom
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| 74 | 1838 | - 1838: Women in Pitcairn are the first in the world to obtain and maintain the right to vote.[
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| 75 | 1839 | - 1839: The world's first commercial electric telegraph line comes into operation alongside the Great Western Railway line, from Paddington Station to West Drayton
- 1839: The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom
- 18 Dec 1839: Mannes Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 76 | 1840 | - 1840: One of the predecessor papers of the Herald Sun of Melbourne, Australia, The Port Phillip Herald, is founded.
- 1840: British colonists reach New Zealand, officially founding Wellington
- 1840: The Penny Black, the world's first postage stamp, becomes valid for the pre-payment of postage.
- 1840: Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.
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| 77 | 1841 | - Jan 1841: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland occupies Hong Kong. Later during the year, the first census of the island records a population of about 75,000.
- Oct 1841: A fire at the Tower of London destroys its Grand Armoury and causes a quarter of a million pounds worth of damage
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| 78 | 1842 | - 1842: In South Africa, hunter Dick King rides into a British military base in Grahamstown to warn that the Boers have besieged Durban (he had left 11 days earlier). The British army dispatches a relief force.
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| 79 | 1843 | - 1843: The world's first commercial Christmas cards are printed by Sir Henry Cole in London.
- May 1843: The first major wagon train headed for the American Northwest sets out with one thousand pioneers from Elm Grove, Missouri on the Oregon Trail.
- Dec 1843: Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol is first published.
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| 80 | 1844 | - 1844: Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber
- 1844: George Williams founds the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in London
- 27 Nov 1844: Joanna Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 81 | 1845 | - 1845: The Great Irish Famine begins, as the potato crop fails.
- Mar 1845: The rubber band is invented in England.
- 1 Apr 1845: Johan Wilhelm Dik is born in Altenberge, Kreis Steinfurt, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deustschland.
- 8 May 1845: Johanna Christina Veltrop is born in Slagharen, Hardenberg,Overijssel, Nederland.
- Jul 1845: Charles Sturt enters the Simpson Desert in central Australia.
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| 82 | 1846 | - 1846: The Royal Geographical Society awards Paweł Edmund Strzelecki a Gold Medal "for exploration in the south eastern portion of Australia".[
- 1846: The Saxophone is patented by Adolphe Sax.
- 1846: Rotary printing press invented, making rapid printing of newspapers possible.
- 30 May 1846: Gezina Schopman is born in Hengelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 83 | 1847 | - 1847: Samuel Colt sells his first revolver pistol to the U.S government.
- 1847: Charlotte Brontë publishes Jane Eyre under the pen name of Currer Bell.
- 1847: Emily Brontë publishes Wuthering Heights under the pen name of Ellis Bell.
- 1847: German inventor and industrialist Werner von Siemens founds Siemens AG & Halske.
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| 84 | 1848 | - 1848: Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels publish The Communist Manifesto.
- 1848: Great Britain's first public health law, which creates a national health board and gives cities broad authority to build modern sanitary systems, is passed.
- 1848: One of the successes of the Revolutions of 1848, the Swiss Federal Constitution, patterned on the US Constitution, enters into force, creating a federal republic and one of the first modern democratic states in Europe.
- 9 Jul 1848: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 85 | 1849 | - 1849: Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy.
- 1849: Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Medical Institute of Geneva, New York, thus becoming the United States' first woman doctor.
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| 86 | 1850 | - 1850: American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
- 1850: The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
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| 87 | 1851 | - 1851: Edward Hargraves claims to have found gold in Australia.
- 1851: The Reuters news service is founded.
- 6 Feb 1851: Bush Fires in Australia.
"Black Thursday" as bushfires rage from Mount Gambier to Melbourne. Fires covered a quarter of what is now the state of Victoria, approximately 50,000 km². Areas affected include Portland, the Plenty Ranges to the north of Melbourne, Westernport, the Wimmera and Dandenong districts. Approximately 12 people died, one million sheep and thousands of cattle were lost.
- 2 Aug 1851: Gold is first discovered in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia, leading to the Victorian gold rush.
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| 88 | 1852 | - 1852: Anti-Chinese riots occure in Victoria, Australia.
- Feb 1852: The HMS Birkenhead sinks near Cape Town, South Africa. Only 193 of the 643 on board survive after troops stand firm on the deck so as not to flood the lifeboats containing women and children.
- 24 May 1852: Bieuwkje Jannes Lodenstein is born in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Nederland.
- 28 May 1852: Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland
- 8 Nov 1852: Durk Kornelis Postma is born in Ooststellingwerf, Friesland, Nederland
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| 89 | 1853 | - 1853: The first true International Meteorological Organization is established in Brussels, Belgium.
- 1853: The Bendigo Petition, 30 metres long with at least 23,000 signatures requesting reform of the license fee system that applied to miners on the gold fields, was sent to Governor La Trobe in Melbourne, Australia.
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| 90 | 1854 | - 1854: Ignacy Lukasiewicz drills the world's first oil well in Poland, in Bóbrka near Krosno.
- Mar 1854: Australia's first telegraph line, linking Melbourne and Williamstown, opens.
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| 91 | 1855 | - 1855: David Livingstone becomes the first European to see Victoria Falls in what is now present-day Zambia-Zimbabwe.
- Jun 1855: The Daily Telegraph begins publication.
- Sep 1855: Queen Victoria signs an Order-in-Council to change the name of Van Diemen's Land to Tasmania.
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| 92 | 1856 | - 1856: Pre-human remains are found in the Neanderthal valley in Germany.
- Jan 1856: Queen Victoria institutes the Victoria Cross.
- Apr 1856: At a public meeting in Melbourne, Dr Thomas Embling repeated the slogan "eight hours labour, eight hours recreation, eight hours rest".
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| 93 | 1857 | - 1857: In Victoria, Australia one adult male in 7 is Chinese.
- Mar 1857: The Supreme Court of the United States rules that Blacks are not citizens and slaves can not sue for freedom, driving the country further towards the American Civil War (the ruling is not overturned until the 14th Amendment in 1868).
- Dec 1857: Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, Ontario as the capital of Canada.
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| 94 | 1858 | - 11 Feb 1858: The Virgin Mary is said to have appeared to St Bernadette of Lourdes.
- Aug 1858: The first claimed Australian rules football match is held between Melbourne Grammar School and Scotch College.
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| 95 | 1859 | - Apr 1859: Ground is broken for the Suez Canal.
- Jun 1859: The colony of Queensland is established by decree of Queen Victoria.
- Sep 1859: The clock Big Ben becomes operational in London.
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| 96 | 1860 | - 1860: The Grand Duchy of Tuscany is annexed to the newly Kingdom of Italy.
- 6 Nov 1860: U.S. presidential election: Abraham Lincoln beats John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, and John Bell and is elected as the 16th President of the United States, the first Republican to hold that office.
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| 97 | 1861 | - Feb 1861: The Confederate States of America are formed.
- Nov 1861: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America
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| 98 | 1862 | - 1862: Charles Dodgson (better known as Lewis Carroll) extemporises the story that becomes Alice's Adventures in Wonderland for 10-year-old Alice Liddell and her sisters, on a rowing boat trip on The Isis, from Oxford to Godstow.
- 1862: Anna Leonowens accepts an offer made by the Siamese consul in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching, to teach the wives and children of Mongkut, king of Siam.
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| 99 | 1863 | - 1863: The first section of the London Underground Railway (Paddington to Farringdon Street) opens
- 1863: Adam Opel founds Opel AG.
- 1863: Sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agree to form the International Red Cross.
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| 100 | 1864 | - 1864: The first fish and chips shop opens in London
- 1864: First Geneva Convention: The International Red Cross is founded
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| 101 | 1865 | - 1865: The Christian Mission, later renamed the Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.
- 4 Mar 1865: U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is inaugurated for a second term; Andrew Johnson becomes Vice President
- 14 Apr 1865: U. S. President Abraham Lincoln is shot at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. by John Wilkes Booth.
- 4 Jun 1865: Harm Hendrik Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 102 | 1866 | - 1866: Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in Germany
- 1866: The Canadian Parliament meets for the first time in Ottawa.
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| 103 | 1867 | - 1867: The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.
- 1867: The Dominion of Canada is created by the British North America Act
- 1867: Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle
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| 104 | 1868 | - 1868: Thomas Edison applies for his first patent, the electric vote recorder.
- 1868: U.S. presidential election, 1868: Ulysses S. Grant defeats Horatio Seymour in the election
- 1868: Irish scientist Mary Ward is killed in a car accident, possibly the first person ever to suffer this fate
- 1868: In Egypt, the Suez Canal, linking the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, is inaugurated in an elaborate ceremony
- 1868: In Dumbarton, Scotland the last surviving clipper ship, Cutty Sark, is launched
- 11 Jan 1868: Hendrikus Nijhuis passes away in Zenderen, Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 105 | 1869 | - 1869: The British Parliament ends transportation to Australia as punishment for criminals.
- 4 Mar 1869: Ulysses S. Grant succeeds Andrew Johnson as the 18th President of the United States of America.
- 13 Apr 1869: Hermannus Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
- May 1869: The British Parliament passes the Capital Punishment within Prisons Bill, thus ending public hanging.
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| 106 | 1870 | - 5 Mar 1870: First ever international Association Football match between England and Scotland at the Oval, London. Organised by the Football Association.
- May 1870: The Port Adelaide Football Club plays their first match of Australian rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville, South Australia.
- Oct 1870: Rome becomes the capital of unified Italy.
- 28 Nov 1870: Anna Gezina Dik is born in Rundeveen, Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 107 | 1871 | - 1871: The Constitution of the German Empire abolishes all restrictions on Jewish marriage, choice of occupation, place of residence and property ownership. Exclusion from government employment and discrimination in social relations remain.
- 18 Jan 1871: The member-states of the North German Federation and the south German states unite into a single nation-state known as the German Empire. The King of Prussia is declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany.
- Mar 1871: The Royal Albert Hall is opened by Queen Victoria.
- Nov 1871: Henry Morton Stanley locates missing explorer and missionary Dr. David Livingstone in Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, and greets him by saying "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
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| 108 | 1872 | - 1872: Louis Ducos du Hauron creates the first color photograph
- 27 Jan 1872: Hermina Stegehuis is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- Aug 1872: The Overland Telegraph is completed in Australia, providing a telegraphic link between Australia and the rest of the world for the first time.
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| 109 | 1873 | - 15 Feb 1873: Maria Dik is born in Vlagtwedde, Vlagtwedde, Groningen, Nederland.
- Mar 1873: E. Remington and Sons of Ilion, New York start production of the first practical typewriter.
- May 1873: Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis received United States patent #139121 for using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. began manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans, using fabric from the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New Hampshire.
- Dec 1873: The Heineken Brewery is founded in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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| 110 | 1874 | - Feb 1874: Walter Clopton Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike" which is more commonly called lawn tennis
- Jul 1874: Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward patent the first incandescent lamp with an electric light bulb
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| 111 | 1875 | - 1875: Henry Cavendish Jones convinces the "All England Croquet Club" to replace a croquet court with a lawn tennis court: Wimbledon.
- Feb 1875: The SS Gothenburg sinks off the Australian east coast with the loss of approximately 102 lives, including a number of high profile civil servants and dignitaries.
- 1 Apr 1875: Maria Schoenmaker is born in Hengelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 6 Apr 1875: Berend Vrielink is born in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- Aug 1875: Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim the English Channel.
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| 112 | 1880 | - 11 Sep 1880: Hermina Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 113 | 1882 | - 28 Apr 1882: Gerhard Heinrich Diek passes away in Emmer-Compascuum, Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 114 | 1885 | - 11 May 1885: Anna Elizabeth Dik passes away in Rütenbrock, Haren(EMS), Emsland, Niedersachsen, Deustschland.
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| 115 | 1889 | - 18 Dec 1889: Johannes Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 116 | 1910 | - 1910: April: Theodore Roosevelt arrives in The Netherlands for a short visit. He lunches with Her Majesty Queen Wilhelmina.
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| 117 | 1917 | - 17 Jun 1917: Gezina Schopman passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 118 | 1918 | - 15 Mar 1918: Harm Hendrik Stegehuis passes away in Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 29 Aug 1918: Frederikus Nijhuis passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 119 | 1919 | - 4 Apr 1919: Johan Wilhelm Dik passes away in Emmer-Compascuum, Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 120 | 1928 | - 27 Aug 1928: Maria Schoenmaker passes away in Borne, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 121 | 1931 | - 28 Mar 1931: Johanna Christina Veltrop passes away in Lindloh, Haren, Emsland, Niederesachsen, Deutschland.
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| 122 | 1935 | - 23 Nov 1935: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
- 23 Nov 1935: Gerrit Jan Stegehuis passes away in Ambt Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 123 | 1943 | - 5 Jul 1943: De Slag om Koersk
De Slag om Koersk (Russisch: Курская битва; Koerskaja bitva) of Operatie Citadel (Duits: Unternehmen Zitadelle) was de grootste tankslag ooit in de geschiedenis en een beslissende slag aan het oostfront in de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Deze slag kende tevens de dag met de grootste verliezen in de geschiedenis van de luchtoorlog.
De slag vond plaats in juli en augustus 1943 tussen nazi-Duitsland en de Sovjet-Unie bij de stad Koersk in Rusland. Bij de slag werden aan Duitse zijde 900.000 man infanterie, 2.700 tanks en 2.000 vliegtuigen ingezet en aan de Sovjetzijde 1.300.000 man infanterie, 3.600 tanks en 2.400 vliegtuigen.
Volgens de oorspronkelijke plannen zouden de Duitsers in mei aanvallen. Hitler stond er echter op dat de aanval uitgesteld werd tot zijn nieuwe wonderwapens gereed waren: De Panther- en de Elefant-tanks. Op 2 juli 1943 meldde Hitler dat het offensief op 5 juli van start zou gaan. De meeste Duitse generaals vonden dat de aanval al veel eerder had moeten plaatsvinden, want uit luchtverkenningen was gebleken wat hen inmiddels te wachten stond. De generaals vreesden ook dat er na verloop van tijd troepen nodig waren om een invasie in het Middellandse Zeegebied te bestrijden. De Russen hadden het vermoeden dat de aanval tussen 3 en 6 juli zou plaatsvinden. Toen ze op 4 juli zagen dat de Duitsers hun prikkeldraad en mijnen begonnen te verwijderen, gaf generaal Rokossovski het bevel om de Duitsers met vliegtuigen en artillerie te beschieten. De Duitsers begonnen ook terug te schieten.
- 5 Jul 1943: Battle of Kursk
Operation Citadel was the last great German push against Russia during WWII. It turned into the Battle of Kursk, the greatest tank battle in history. Due to stubborn Russian resistance and Hitler’s change of heart; it was a costly failure.
On July 5, 1943, the Germans finally launched their attack.
They had amassed huge resources for Operation Citadel. 65% of the aircraft and 70% of the tanks on the entire Eastern front were deployed for the offensive. 50 divisions, totaling 900,000 troops, accompanied 2,700 tanks and assault guns as they rumbled toward the Soviet lines. Massive Tiger tanks gave them the extra firepower to punch through the armor of Soviet vehicles. It was a massive, carefully planned operation.
As was the Soviet response. Between the efforts of the Lucy spy ring and their observations in the field, the Soviets identified when the attack was coming. As the Germans prepared, their opponents unleashed a tremendous artillery barrage, smashing German forces as they waited.
At 5 AM, the advance began. Wedges of Panzers charged into the fire of the waiting Soviets, with infantry following behind. The skies were filled with the roar of engines and weapons as opposing aircraft attempted to eliminate each other.
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| 124 | 1945 | - 5 Jun 1945: Johanna Angela Maria is born in Almelo, The Netherlands
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| 125 | 1947 | - 5 Apr 1947: Angela Johanna Wilhelmina Maria is born in Almelo, The Netherlands
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| 126 | 1949 | - 5 Jan 1949: U.S. President Harry S. Truman unveils his Fair Deal program.
- 17 Jan 1949: The first Volkswagen Beetle to arrive in the United States, a 1948 model, is brought over to New York by Dutch businessman Ben Pon. Unable to interest dealers or importers in the Volkswagen, Pon sells the sample car to pay his travel expenses. Only two 1949 models will be sold in America that year, convincing Volkswagen chairman Heinrich Nordhoff that the car has no future in the U.S. (The VW Beetle goes on to become the greatest automobile phenomenon in American history.)
- 25 Jan 1949: Forces from the Communist Party of China enter Beijing.
- 25 Jan 1949: In the first Israeli election, David Ben-Gurion becomes Prime Minister
- 26 Jan 1949: Australian citizenship comes into being.
- 1 Mar 1949: Indonesia seizes Yogyakarta from the Dutch
- 1 Apr 1949: Bernardus Wilhelmus Hendrikus Nijhuis is born in Almelo (Bornsestraat) , Overijssel, Nederland
- 1 Apr 1949: Éire leaves the British Commonwealth and becomes the Republic of Ireland
- 4 Apr 1949: The North Atlantic Treaty is signed in Washington, D.C., creating the NATO defense alliance
- 20 Apr 1949: The Royal Navy frigate HMS Amethyst (U16) goes up the Yangtze River to evacuate British Commonwealth refugees escaping the advance of Mao's communist forces. Under heavy fire it runs aground off Rose Island. After an aborted rescue attempt on April 26 it anchors 10 miles upstream. Negotiations with the communist forces to let the ship leave drag on for weeks.
- 28 Apr 1949: India issues the London Declaration, enabling it (and, thereafter, any other nation) to remain in the British Commonwealth despite becoming a republic, creating the position of 'Head of the Commonwealth', and renaming the organisation as the 'Commonwealth of Nations'
- 5 May 1949: The Council of Europe is founded by the signing of the Treaty of London.
- 11 May 1949: Israel is admitted to the U.N. as its 59th member
- 23 May 1949: The Federal Republic of Germany is established
- 24 May 1949: Bieuwkje Jannes Lodenstein passes away in Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
- 29 Jun 1949: Apartheid: The South African Citizenship Act suspends the granting of citizenship to British Commonwealth immigrants after 5 years and imposes a ban on mixed marriages
- 20 Jul 1949: Israel and Syria sign a truce to end their 19-month war
- 29 Jul 1949: The Soviet Union tests its first atomic bomb, code named "Joe 1." Its design imitates the American plutonium bomb that was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan in 1945.
- 28 Aug 1949: The last 6 surviving veterans of the American Civil War meet in Indianapolis.
- 6 Sep 1949: Allied military authorities relinquish control of former Nazi Germany assets back to Germany
- 7 Sep 1949: The Federal Republic of Germany is officially founded. Konrad Adenauer is the first federal chancellor
- 13 Sep 1949: The Soviet Union vetoes United Nations membership for Ceylon, Finland, Iceland, Italy, Jordan and Portugal
- 29 Sep 1949: The First Plenary Session of the National People's Congress approves a design for the Flag of the People's Republic of China
- 1 Oct 1949: The People's Republic of China is officially proclaimed
- 7 Oct 1949: The Democratic Republic of Germany DDR is established officially
- 15 Nov 1949: Nathuram Godse and Narayan Apte are executed for assassinating Mahatma Gandhi
- 10 Dec 1949: Robert Gordon (Bob) Menzies elected in Australia
- 16 Dec 1949: Sukarno is elected president of the Republic of Indonesia
- 27 Dec 1949: Queen Juliana of the Netherlands grants Indonesia sovereignty
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| 127 | 1950 | - 19 Mar 1950: Anna Gezina Dik passes away in Odoorn, Borger-Odoorn, Drenthe, Nederland.
- 30 Mar 1950: Maria Dik passes away in Emmen, Drenthe, Nederland.
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| 128 | 1952 | - Nov 1952: J.F.A. Nijhuis & family emigrated to Australia
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| 129 | 1953 | - 1953: The North Sea flood of 1953 kills 1,835 people in the southwestern Netherlands (especially Zeeland), 307 in the United Kingdom and several hundred at sea, including 133 on the ferry Princess Victoria in the Irish Sea.
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| 130 | 1956 | - 6 Nov 1956: Berend Vrielink passes away in Almelo, Overijssel, Nederland.
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| 131 | 1958 | - 12 Mar 1958: Hendrikus Bernardus Johannes Nijhuis is born in Oakleigh Street, East Oakleigh, Victoria, Australia.
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| 132 | 1968 | - 25 Nov 1968: Bernardus Wilhelmus Hendrikus Nijhuis returned to Holland on board t.s. Castle Felice voyage 98 n.b. to Southampton
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| 133 | 1970 | - 20 May 1970: Bernardus Wilhelmus Hendrikus Nijhuis conscripted into Royal Netherlands Armed Forces;
103CV - The Huzaars of Boreel.
- Sep 1970: Bernardus Wilhelmus Hendrikus Nijhuis posted to Seedorf Army Barracks. Zeven, Rotenburg, Niedersachsen,Deutschland
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| 134 | 1971 | - Apr 1971: Engagement Bernardus Wilhelmus Hendrikus Nijhuis Nijhuis to Jitske Johanna Vrielink.
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| 135 | 1972 | - 22 Sep 1972: Bernardus Wilhelmus Hendrikus Nijhuis & Jitske Johanna Vrielink are married in Almelo The Netherlands.
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| 136 | 1975 | - 20 Jul 1975: Robert John Theo Nijhuis is born in Almelo, The Netherlands.
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| 137 | 1978 | - 11 Feb 1978: Mark William Nijhuis is born in Almelo, The Netherlands
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1747 - 1822 (75 years)
